Simply to remind us again how to appreciate the importance of history and heritage objects such as artefacts, artefacts, temples, inscription, or the other, let us see how the Borobudur be reconstructed so that the building and including a magnificent seven wonders of the world. To mengawalinya we need to see how the names and Borobudur known.Forest grove
Around three hundred years past, the temple is still a forest grove that is called by residents of surrounding Borobudur Redi. For the first time, the name Borobudur known manuscript of the paper Negarakertagama MPU Prapanca in the year 1365 BC, is mentioned about a monastery in Budur. Then in the Babad Tanah manuscript ox (1709-1710) there is news of Mas Fund, a rebel against King Paku Buwono I, caught in the Redi Borobudur dijatuhi and the death penalty. Then in the year 1758, tercetus news about a prince from Yogyakarta, namely Prince Monconagoro, interested to see the statue of a knight in a narrow cage. Then in the year 1814, Thomas Stamford Raffles got the news from subordinates on the hill filled with stone-carved stone. Based on the news that Raffles sent Cornelius, a fan art and history, to clean up that hill. Once cleaned for two months with the help of 200 people, building the temple and clear proceed to the restoration in 1825.
At 1834, Resident Kedu clean temple, and stupa temple 1842 years to be reviewed for further research.
Borobudur own name on many experts interpret the ancients, among them Prof. Dr. Poerbotjoroko Borobudur explain that the word comes from two words Bhoro and Budur. Bhoro derived from Sanskrit which means bihara or residence, while Budur word refers to the name of the place. This strengthened by Prof.. Dr. WF. Stutterheim is that Borobudur means Bihara on a hill. Meanwhile, Prof.. JG. De Casparis build on Prasasti Karang Tengah said the establishment of this year, the Year Sangkala: sagara kstidhara taste, or Caka 746 years (824 BC), or during the Sailendra dynasty glamourize the god Indra. In inscription didapatlah name Bhumisambharabhudhara which means a place of worship of the ancestors for the soul-spirit leluhurnya. Shift in how the word is going to be Borobudur? This is because the pronunciation of the local community.
Dynasty dynasty
In history lessons, the Borobudur temple that is made during the dynasty of Sailendra Buddhis under the leadership of King Samarotthungga. While creating the temple, according to tuturan community called Gunadharma. Development temple was completed in the year 847 M. According to the inscription Kulrak (784M) the making of this temple is assisted by a teacher from Ghandadwipa (Bengalore) called Kumaragacya a very respected, and a prince from Kashmir Visvawarman named as the expert advisor in Buddis Tantra Vajrayana teachings. Development of this temple began in the Dananjaya Maha Raja Sri Sanggramadananjaya the title, followed by her son, Samarotthungga, and by the daughter and grandchildren, Dyah Ayu Pramodhawardhani.
Before restored, such as Borobudur temple ruins as well as artefacts, artefacts found a new temple now. When we visited Borobudur and enjoy the natural beauty of its surroundings on the top of the temple, sometimes we never think about who is meritorious rebuild Borobudur is a magnificent building and a wealth of the nation of Indonesia.
Further restoration after by Cornelius at Raffles and Resident Hatmann, done in 1907-1911 by THEODORUS van ERP rebuild the order form from the temple ruins eaten because of the age, to the form now. Van ERP actually an engineer building Genie Military rank of lieutenant with one, but then attracted to research and learn the tricks of Borobudur temple, falsafahnya start to the teachings of dikandungnya.
For that he was trying to appeal to study for several years in India. He also went to Sri Lanka to see the top of the stack building stupa in Sanchi Kandy, to finally find the form of ERP van Borobudur. While the foundation and philosophy of religion found by Stutterheim and NJ. Chrome, which is about the teachings of the Buddha Dharma with mainstream Mahayana Yogacara-and there is a tendency also mingled with the flow Tantrayana-Vajrayana. Therefore, the pemugar must have sekelumit history of religion in Indonesia.
Research on the order of building the temple and brought the philosophy of course that does not need a little time, especially if dihubung-connect with the temple buildings of the one family. As well as between the Borobudur temple and the temple Pawon Mendut which geographically is on a path.
Materials temple
Borobudur temple is the second largest after the Temple Ankor Wat in Cambodia. Borobudur similar building Cheops pyramid in Egypt Gizeh. Area of 15,129 m2 of Borobudur Temple is composed of 55,000 m3 of stone, of 2 million discounted stones. Size stones average 25 cm X 10 cm X 15 cm. Length overall discount stone 500 km to the overall weight of 1.3 million tons of stone. Walls of Borobudur Temple surrounded by images, or relief, which is a series of stories that terususun panel in 1460. The length of each panel 2 meters. So if the series of relief that dibentangkan then more or less the whole length of 3 km relief. The number of levels there are ten, the level of 1-6 square-shaped, while the level of 7-10 circular shape. That there is a statue in the temple buildings of 504 units. Meanwhile, a high temple of the surface soil until the end of the main stupa was 42 meters, but now live 34.5 meters after tersambar lightning.
According to the results of an investigation etnolog-Austrian anthropologist Robert Heine von Geldern, the ancestor of the Indonesian people are governance culture at the time of Neolithic and Megalithic originating from South Vietnam and Cambodia. Megalithic that at the time of the ancestors of Indonesia make graves leluhurnya form of worship as well as a multilevel pyramid building, the more up to the small. One of them is found in Lebak Sibedug Leuwiliang Bogor in West Java. There are similar buildings in the temple Sukuh near Solo, the Borobudur Temple. If we see from a distance, Borobudur layout will look like berundak or building such a pyramid and the stupa.
Unlike the giant pyramid in Egypt and Teotihuacan in Mexico Piramida Borobudur is another version of pyramid building. Pyramid of Borobudur kepunden berundak form that will not be found in the region and any country, including in India. And that was one of the advantages Borobudur is a peculiarity of the architecture Budhis in Indonesia.
See the grandeur of Borobudur temple, and at this time, other temples in Indonesia has provided a great knowledge about the Indonesian nation. Various sciences involved in the reconstruction effort Borobudur made by van Teodhorus ERP. We should appreciate the efforts given the various constraints and difficulties faced in rebuilding this temple.
Until now there are a few things that still be a mystery around the Borobudur Temple, for example, in the order of the stone, how to carry stones from the area of origin to destination, whether the stones are already in the desired size or shape as the original stone mountain , how long the process of cutting the stones to the size you want, how menaikan stones from the bottom of the page to the top of the temple, a tool that is used if the crane? Given that at that time there were no pictures blue (blue print), and whether the facilities if they want to negotiate the steps which must be done, in terms of relief images, whether the stones that image after ago is, or in plain stone new to be chiselled drawn. And from which the image be chiselled, from top to bottom or from bottom to top? And many more mysteries that have not yet revealed the knowledge, especially about finding space on the main stupa temple.
Restoration in the years 1974-1983
Treasure trove
Restoration done in the next year 1973-1983, the lapse of 70 years of restoration the van ERP. Restoration is intended as no other attempts to preserve the priceless cultural value. This is the "treasure trove" that surely can not be sold especially with the money to pay off debt. Awareness of the community to participate in secure buildings, including temples are also expected from the tourists.
Excavation, research and restoration plan to the temple or temple-property historic other recently found of course takes time and costs that are not small. Restoration of archaeological and cultural development is not a modern building. Each building has a cultural meaning that it is special and can not be ignored in the restoration of old buildings are. Therefore need support from various parties, both from within and from abroad. Efforts to rebuild a civilization of symbols that have lost the means to open the eyes of our heart-history of human civilization that India is rich with culture and science. Thus, we will become capable of human berbudaya appreciate their own culture as a form of identity and the identity of an independent nation.
Finally, we must appreciate the passion back up the things that heritage is not only a rich community and the nation, but also a wealth of knowledge that will continue to reveal the facts of history. Enjoy the beauty and keep kelestariannya is a form of awareness which is very meaningful. Of course, the role of institutions related to the protection of these heritage needs to be improved by providing the understanding, dissemination and understanding of the importance of maintaining and preserving these objects.
Legal protection should also ditegakkan consistently so that it does not happen again defect-defect law is leaving for the public sense of injustice, as well as cases of blasting Borobudur in 1983 .*** Stay a mystery, just to Borobudur temple is the largest Buddhist temple in the world with 34.5 meters high and the area of 123 x 123 meters. In dirikan on a hill that is located approximately 40 km southwest of Yogyakarta, 7 km south of Magelang, Central Java.
Borobudur was built by Sailendra dynasty between 750 and 842 BC. Buddhist temple is the most likely abandoned about a century after the center was built because of the kingdom at that time moved to East Java. Sir Thomas Stanford Raffles find Borobudur in 1814 in a damaged condition and ordered that the site is cleaned and learned thoroughly. Borobudur restoration project in a large-scale and starting from year 1905 to 1910 led by Dr. Tb. van ERP. With assistance from UNESCO, the second restoration to rescue Borobudur was conducted from August 1913 until the year 1983.
However, until now Borobudur is still a mystery to deposit. A number of mysteries that, for example, who designed the temple of Borobudur, the amount of people to be built temples, of which only the stone to build the temple? Philosophy is used to make temples? But that this temple is a critical asset for India in the international world. We must be proud and always keep kelestariannya.
